Thoughts on teaching reform of Biologicology / 生物工程学报

With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, the cultivation of high-quality biotechnology talents has received more and more attention. The course of Biologicology is a core subject that students majoring in biology should master. However, Biologicology is a new subject, and its teaching content and teaching methods are at the exploratory stage. Based on the current teaching status and existing problems of the Biologicology course, we propose teaching reforms in terms of teaching content, teaching methods and assessment methods, to lay a firm foundation for the further teaching efficacy of Biologicology course and increasing students' interest in learning.

Effects of Different Processed Products of Whitmania pigra on Hemorheology and Coagulation Indexes in Acute Blood Stasis Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To stud y the effects of different processed products of Whitmania pigra on hemorheology and coagulation indexes in acute blood stasis model rats. METHODS ：SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，model group ， aspirin group ，W. pigra hang-dried product low- ，medium- and high-dose groups ，W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product low- ， medium- and high-dose groups ，W. pigra wine bran-processed product low- ，medium- and high-dose groups ，with 6 rats in each group. Except for blank group ，other groups received subcutaneous injection of epinephrine hydrochloride and ice water bath for 15 d to induce acute blood stasis model. From the 8th day of modeling ，rats in aspirin group were given aspirin 0.2 g/kg intragastrically. Rats in each dose group of W. pigra processed products were given relevant medicine 0.35，1.4，3.5 g/kg intragastrically（calculated by crude drug ）. Rats in blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day ， for consecutive 8 days. Hemorheology indexes as whole blood viscosity （high， medium and low shearrate ），plasma viscosity ，erythrocyte com deformation index ，erythrocyte aggregation index ，hematocrit， and blood coagulation indexes as prothrombin time （PT）， mail：wcl19960125@163.com activated partial prothrombin time （APTT），thrombin time （TT）were determined. RESU LTS：Compared with blank group ，whole blood viscosity under different shear rates ，plasma viscosity ， erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit of model group were increased significantly ，while erythrocyte deformation index was significantly decreased ，PT，TT and APTT were significantly shortened （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，whole blood viscosity under different shear rates ，plasma viscosity ，erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit of aspirin group and W. pigra hang-dried product ，talcum powder-ironed product ，wine bran-processed product high-dose groups were decreased significantly ， while erythrocyte deformation index were significantly increased ，and PT （only W. pigra talcum powder-ironed products high-dose group），APTT（except for W. pigra hang-dried products high-dose group ）and TT were prolonged significantly. The whole blood viscosity of W. pigra hang-dried product medium-dose group under low shear rate ，and those of W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product low-dose ，wine bran-processed product medium-dose groups under low and medium shear rates were decreased significantly. Erythrocyte deformation index of W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product medium-dose group was increased significantly ，while erythrocyte aggregation index was decreased significantly ，and PT ，TT were prolonged significantly. APTT of W. pigra hang-dried product medium-dose group was prolonged significantly. Hematocrit of W. pigra wine bran-processed product low-dose group was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ： W. pigra hang-dried， talcum powder-ironed and wine bran-processed product can effectively improve hemorheology indexes and prolong blood coagulation time.

Complex evaluation for influence of hosts on hemipatasite Thesium chinense / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of host species on growth and development and active component content of Thesium chinense.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Plant morphology and active component content of T. chinense grown with different hosts were measured. The hosts were evaluated by using index-sum method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Hosts significantly promoted the growth of T. chinense by increasing height, per plant weight, stem diameter, leaf area, the number of seed and haustorium,and decreased RW/SW ratio compared to without host treatment. Considerable differences existed among the effect of different host species treatments. Synthetical evaluation score of Gnaphlium affine was the highest (37), followed by Imperata cylindrical and Prunella vulgaris (36). It is suggested that they were superior hosts for T. chinense. But the scores of Triticum aestivum (25) and Eremochloa ophiuroides (17) were lower, so they were unsuited hosts for T. chinense.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hosts significantly promoted the growth of T. chinense. Considerable differences existed among the growth and development of T. chinense grown with different hosts, as well as active component content. Gnaphlium affine, Imperata cylindrical and Prunella vulgaris were superior hosts for T. chinense. While Triticum aestivum and Eremochloa ophiuroides were unsuited hosts for T. chinense.</p>

Combination of transurethral resectoscope outer sheath and ueteroscopy in treatment of bladder stones ( report on 68 cases) / 国际外科学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and advantages through the combination of transurethral resectoscope outer sheath and ueteroscopy for treatment of bladder stones.MethodsThe Wolf F24 transurethral resectoscope was first placed in bladder to observe the lesions in 68 patients with bladder stones.With the moving out of the body and inner sheath,F8 ureteroscopy sheath was sent into the bladder through outer sheath,then,holmium laser lithotripsy was performed.ResultsSixty-eight patients got successful operations without postoperative stones residual,significant postoperative bleeding,urethral tear,bladder injury and infection complications. The gravel rate reached 100％ 20 - 60 minutes ( 36.7 ± 5 ) min.ConclusionThe combination of transurethral resectoscope outer sheath and ueteroscopy is effective and safe for treatment of bladder stones.

Study on biological characteristics of Thesium chinense / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the biological and growth characteristics of Thesium chinense.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The wild population was observed in certain sites, pot and indoor experiments were applied for cultivated plant.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>T. chinense is an obligate root hemiparasite and perennial herb, stem and leaf were green, there were haustoriums on its root, can only achieve its whole life process when parasitized to host. T. chinense grows mostly in the humid wasteland and herbaceous community where water is generally abundant. T. chinense likes light, warm climate and acidic to neuter soil. The seeds of T. chinense have dormancy characteristics. The life history of T. chinense can divide into 5 stages: seedling, ramify, florescence, fructification and withering periods.</p>

Study on hemiparasitic mechanism of Thesium chinense / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the hemiparasitic mechanism of Thesium chinense.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The anatomical structure of T. chinense was studied by using paraffin slice and electron microscope slice. Chlorophyll content was measured by UV spectrometry. Foliar photosynthesis (P(n)) and gas exchange were measured by using a LI-6400 photosynthesis system.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Chloroplast possesses intact granal thylakoid system, lamella was strong. Vascular tissue of T. chinense was strong. Vessel aperture and its transport power were strong both in root and stem. There were many global haustoriums on lateral roots. Vascular tissues were strong inside haustorium, haustorial stylet penetrated epidermis and cortex of host root, and reached pith place, haustorial vessel was integrated with host root vessel. The maximum of P(n) of T. chinense reached 7.06 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1), its water use efficiency was lower, about 0.735 mmol x mol(-1), its transpiration varied notable in daytime and was relatively invariant at nighttime, and the value of daytime was greatly exceed that of nighttime.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>T. chinense despoils water and nutrition from its host by haustorium. T. chinense can mostly be independent as for C supply by photosynthesis.</p>

Renal Pathological Appearance and Podocyte Phenotype after the Ureteral Obstruction / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To find time pint of the irreversible kidney injuru by observing renal pathological appearance and podocytes phenotype after complete ureteral obstruction.Methods The animal model of complete unilateral uretersal obstruction was consructed in 2-weekold and 2-month-old rats respectively.HE staining was employed to evaluate the degree of pathological changes,and immunofluorescence double staining to observe the transitional progression of podocyte.Results Grossly,there appeared pyelectasis at 2 h after obstruction and thinner renal cortex after 3 days of obstruction.Histologically,proximal tube display dilated and hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelial cells was observed after 12-day obstruction.The tubular epithelium showed distorted swelling after 3-day obstruction.Immunofluorescence double staining showed that podocytes decreased and the double-labeled macrophages was increased during 1 d to 2 d after unilateral ureteral obstruction operation.Conclusion Compared with control groups,the unilateral ureteral obstruction groups shows podocyte-to-macrophage transition at 1 d after the operation, while the pelvis shows obviously dilated.From the 1st day to the 7th day after unilateral ureteral obstruction,it shows increasing tendency of the podocytes transition.

Comparison on pollen morphology among populations of Changium smyrnioides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the pollen morphological differences among different populations of Changium smyrnioides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The pollen morphology of 10 populations were examined through LM and SEM observations.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Pollens in different populations were distinguished from each other in the size, the largest average size was the pollen of the population cultivated in Hongshan, and the smallest was that of the population cultivated in Jiuhuashan. Pollens were oval-shaped in all of the populations, and P/E values were around 1.5. Typical feature of surface ornamentation was stripe-like structure, different populations were distinguished from each other in the texture depth and the gap. With different length and width in different populations, typical feature of germinal aperture was nearly square and 3 germinal furrows. Variation with 4 germinal apertures were found in the pollen of population cultivated in Hongshan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diversity of pollen morphology was high, and differentiation was strong in Ch. smyrnioides.</p>

Distribution of chemical constituents in Changium smyrnioides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the distribution of chemical constituents in different parts of Changium smyrnioides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The content of polysaccharides, mannitol and choline was determined by colorimetry and the water-soluble components was determined by HPLC. similarity coefficient of water-soluble components was calculated by the included angle cosine method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Contents of chemical constituents were significantly different between the leaves and the roots. The contents of choline and polysaccharides in the roots was higher than those in the leaves, but the contents of water-soluble extract and physiological ash in the leaves was higher than those in the roots. Contents of chemical constituents were also significantly different at different segments in the root, which decreased from the upper to the lower parts, increased from the outside to the inside parts except physiological ash, and the difference in horizontal segments was higher than that in vertical segments. Total peak area of water-soluble components in the leaves was 2.81 times higher than that in the roots, and gradually increased from the outside to the inside parts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total content of chemical constituents in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots. The quality of medicinal used parts decreased gradually from the inside to the outside parts and from the upper to the lower parts in the root of Ch. smyrnioides.</p>

Comparison on botanical morphology in different populations of Changium smyrnioides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse botanical morphology in different populations and give a reference for germplasm evaluation of Changium smyrnioides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Roots and leaves were comprehensively compared among 10 populations of Ch. smyrnioides in the main distribution area, the foliar morphology similarity coefficient was calculated, and the systematic relationships were constructed based on UPGMA method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was significant morphological difference among populations of Ch. smyrnioides. Plant shape was divided into the loosed-type, compacted-type and intermediated-type. Leaf split was divided into the lobated-type, parted-type and intermediate-type. Root shape was divided into spherical-type, column-type and spindle-type. Foliar morphology similarity coefficient differed significantly and ranged from 0.234 1 to 0.985 1 among 10 populations of Ch. smyrnioides. Zijinshan population was divided into a unique group when similarity coefficient was 0.37.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Plant tightness, lobation depth and root shape could be used as the basis for germplasm evaluation on Ch. smyrnioides. Zijinshan population could be used as a special germplasm to be exploited.</p>

Analysis on water-soluble components in roots of Changium smyrnioides among different populations by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze water-soluble components in the roots of Ch. smyrnioides among different populations that distributed in the main areas and give a reference for germplasm evaluation and quality control.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Water-soluble components were extracted with the cold-soaking method and analyzed by HPLC, similarity coefficient was calculated by included angle cosine method according to relative content of major water-soluble components, and systematic relationships were constructed based on UPGMA method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was significant difference in water-soluble components in root among population. Jiuhuashan population had the highest content of water-soluble extract. The content of water-soluble extract was below the pharmacopoeia standard in the root of Dalongshan population and Fushan population. There was significant difference in the HPLC chromatogram of water-soluble components in the root of Ch. smyrnioides from different populations, and the number of common peak was small. Similarity coefficient significantly ranged from 0.0306 to 0.9995 among 10 populations of Ch. smymrnioides. Water-soluble components in the root of Zijinshan population was the most unique, similarity coefficients were relatively small among Zijinshan population and the other seven populations except Hongshan population, and similarity coefficient was in a higher level of 0.9697 between Zijinshan population and Hongshan population. Water-soluble components were extremely similar in four populations that were Laoshan, Maoshan, Qinglongshan and Langyashan, and similarity coefficients among them were in a high level exceeded 0.99. 10 populations were divided into 3 groups according to clustering results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Water-soluble components show a high diversity in the roots of Ch. smyrnioides among different populations, and can be clearly divided into 3 types.</p>

Change of chemical constituents in Changium smyrnioides at different ages / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the dynamic change of chemical constituents in Changium smyrnioides at different ages and give a reference for standard cultivation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of polysaccharides, mannitol and choline in the roots were determined by colorimetry. HPLC was used to analyze water-soluble components in the roots. GC-MS was used to analyze volatile oil components in the leaves. Similarity coefficient of water-soluble components was calculated by included angle cosine method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was significant difference in content of the analyzed chemical constituents except polysaccharide. Contents of mannitol, physiological ash and polysaccharide in the adult plant were higher than those in the young plant. On the contrast, content of water-soluble components and choline in the young plant was higher than that in the adult plant. With the increase of the growth years, water-soluble components in the roots and volatile oil components in the leaves were gradually concentrated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The growth time significantly affects the chemical constituents in Ch. smyrnioides, the reasonable harvest time is from the second to the forth year after transplanting.</p>

Genetic diversity of Changium smyrnioides based on SRAP / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genetic diversity of Changium smyrnioides and give a reference for utilization of the germplasm.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ten different populations of Ch. smyrnioides were analyzed by the approach of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Genetic similarity coefficient was calculated, and systematic relationships were constructed based on the UPGMA method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seventeen primer pairs were selected from 160. A total of 363 bands were scored, 314 bands of them were polymorphic and the average was 18.47 polymorphic bands per primer pair, which were up to 86.50% polymorphic ratio. The results indicated that there was abundant genetic diversity among the tested materials. Genetic similarity coefficient was ranged from 0.4959 to 0.8182. Cluster analysis showed that ten different populations of Ch. smyrnioides could be distinguished into two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High level genetic diversity was in different populations of Ch. smyrnioides, and genetic relationship was correlative to geographic position.</p>

Analysis on Cistanche tubulosa that parasites on different Tamarixs by RAPD / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study genetic difference of Cistanche tubulosa that parasites on different Tamarixs and give a reference to select host of C. tubulosa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sixteen selected primers by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic distance of C. tubulosa that parasites on eight different hosts.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Sixty-six point seven percent of the total bands were polymorphic, that proved the genetic diversity level in different C. tubulosa types was relatively high, especially the two that parasites on Tamarix hispida and T. chinensis. Cultural areas had more remarkable influence on genetic distance of Cistanche tubulosa than the hosts, and introduction was helpful to maintain the more genetic diversity in different C. tubulosa types. Genetic difference in different C. tubulosa types was far less than that between different species in Cistanche.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>C. tubulosa types which parasite on different Tamarixs have high genetic diversity.</p>

Urodynamic findings in tethered cord syndrome after surgery and its clinical significance / 中华泌尿外科杂志

40 cm H 2O (1 cm H 2O=0.098 kPa) in 4.Among the 5 children without urinary complaints,2 had detrusor hyperreflexia,2 had detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia,and 1 was generally normal.Postoperatively the improvement of urinary incontinence rate was greater in patients with primary TCS (28.6%,8/28) than those with secondary TCS (0%,0/7;P=0.048). It was greater in patients with non-lipoma TCS (100%,3/3) than those with lipoma TCS ( 15.6%,5/32;P=0.004).It was greater in patients with meningocele TCS (36.4%,8/22) than those with myelomeningocele TCS(0%,0/6;P=0.047).It was greater in patients born without urological symptoms (80%,4/5) than those born with urological symptoms(17.4%,4/23;P=0.019).Urodynamic studies also showed the incidence of detrusor hyperreflexia after surgery was lower in primary TCS (24.2%,8/32) than in secondary TCS(71.4%,5/7;P=0.015);the incidence of detrusor underactivity was lower in non-lipoma TCS (12.5%,1/8) than in lipoma TCS(56.3%,18/32;P=0.027);decreased compliance rate was lower in meningocele TCS than in myelomeningocele TCS(100%,6/6;P=0.0052).The rates of detrusor hyperreflexia,decreased compliance and detrusor underactivity postoperatively were lower in those born without urinary symptoms (0,0/10;20%,2/10;20%,2/10) than in those with (34.89%,8/23;60.9%,14/23; 65.2%,15/23;P=0.032,P=0.031,P=0.017, respectively). Conclusions Urodynamic examinations are effective in evaluating the lower urinary tract function in children with TCS after surgery.Patients with TCS have various abnormal urodynamic findings.Pathological types of TCS and the presence of symptoms at birth influence urinary function after surgery.

Chemical constituents in artificial cultivated Cistanche tubulosa / 中草药

Object To analyze the chemical constituents and their variation at different growing time and segment in artificial cultivated Cistanche tubulosa(Schrenk) Wight. Methods Using HPLC to analyze the fingerprint spectrum of different samples. Results The sorts of phenylethanoid glycosides were almost the same among different growing time, different segments, cultivated and wild species, and every parts of C. tubulosain blooming, but the contents of these chemical constituents are significantly different among various samples. Conclusion The cultivating time of C. tubulosashould be over three-years, its harvest time must be controlled strictly before blooming. The quality of cultivated plants is no better than wild ones still. So the cultivating technology should be promoted to improve the content of active compounds.